In Vitro Toxicity Assessment of Stilbene Extract for Its Potential Use as Antioxidant in the Wine Industry

The reduction of sulfur dioxide in wine is a consumer’s demand, considering the allergic effects that may occur in people who are sensitive to it. Stilbenes are candidates of great interest for this purpose because of their antioxidant/antimicrobial activities and health properties, and also because they are naturally found in the grapevine. In the present study, the in vitro toxicity of an extract from grapevine shoots (with a stilbene richness of 45.4%) was assessed in two human cell lines. Significant damage was observed from 30 μg/mL after 24 h, and 40 µg/mL after 48 h of exposure. Similarly, the ultrastructural study revealed a significant impairment of cell growing. The extract was able to protect cells against an induced oxidative stress at all concentrations studied. In view of the promising results, a more exhaustive toxicological assessment of the extract is needed to confirm the safety of its further use as additive in wine.España,Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad and INIA for the financial support for this project (RTA2015-00005-C02-02

Youth living arrangements and household employment deprivation: evidence from Spain

We study the role of employment deprivation and severe poverty at the household level on youth living arrangements in Spain in three different business cycle periods. Previous evidence has shown that recessions in Southern European countries make young individuals turn to their families for financial protection. Most analyses assume that these cohabiting decisions are only related to the young individual's employment status while other household members' employment deprivation is irrelevant. We use information from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey between 2005 and 2017 and a very flexible indicator to measure the dimension of employment deprivation at the household level and estimate its role on the probability of being emancipated with a linear probability model. To avoid reverse causation, we also estimate two seemingly unrelated regressions of the probability of cohabiting with parents and the dimension of household employment deprivation. Our results confirm that the Great Recession increased the probability of parental co-habitation, even if with some delay in relation to the business cycle. We reject the assumption about the irrelevance of other household member's employment deprivation on youth cohabitation decisions because its dimension determines them. Policies aiming to improve emancipation should not only increase youth labour market opportunities but provide either more employment hours or more income transfers to those living in households where young individuals live

Trend analysis in tobacco use in Andalusia (2011-2014) and factors related to use

Nowadays, smoking is the single greatest preventable cause of death in the world and tobacco is the most prevalent drug ever used. Considering that many people begin smoking in early adolescence, it is essential to further research this matter in order to better understand this behavior as well as enact adequate prevention and health-promotion programs. Despite data confirming a decrease in tobacco consumption in the last few years, it is still necessary to pay more attention to factors that may be related to adolescent smoking. Regarding these factors, a relationship between age and gender in relation to tobacco use has been fully established, showing higher use among older adolescents and females. Furthermore, parental smoking has shown to be a common catalyst for smoking initiation during adolescence. However, results are not completely consistent regarding this association. Some studies suggest that close friends’ smoking provides a substantial source of modeling of experimentation with tobacco, even more powerful than parents’ smoking. The current study seeks to identify trends in smoking behaviour (2011 – 2014) and investigates the relationship between age, gender, parental smoking and best friend’s smoking, and tobacco use among Andalusian adolescent students. The sample for this study is composed of 17,662 students aged 11 to 18 years old: 15,684 in 2011 (7,822 girls) and 1,978 in 2014 (962 girls). In both cases, the data are representative of Andalusian adolescent students. We used some items of the tobacco consumption questionnaire designed by the international team of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC): adolescent current tobacco consumption, tobacco use of best friend, mother and father. Data confirm a decrease in adolescent tobacco use between 2011 and 2014. Females smoke more than males in 2011 and 2014, although gender differences diminish in 2014. Moreover, age, gender and close people’s smoking explain a higher percentage of variance in 2011 than in 2014. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of monitoring tobacco use in adolescence in order to adjust intervention policies. In this respect, even though this study confirms a decline in consumption, this may be attributable to the application of anti-smoking laws or the implementation of prevention programs, as well as a change in recent years in factors related to us

Impact of aging in fingerprint ridge density: Anthropometry and forensic implications in sex inference

The variation in the epidermal ridge's width between the sexes, during various growth stages, and among different populations has been previously assessed. However, the changes that occur with aging are barely known. The goal of this study was to analyse the degree of variation in epidermal ridge width due to aging. So that, fingerprint ridge density was estimated to establish their relationship with body and hand size changes that typically occur in adulthood. In this study, a sample of 213 adults of both sexes from a Spanish native population of different age ranges?18?30?years old (?junior? group) and 50?66?years old (?senior? group)?was used. Ridge density was assessed in three counting areas of the distal phalanx of each finger (radial, ulnar, and proximal). Height, weight, and a set of anthropometric measurements for both hands were also taken. Our results show that ridge density is higher in females than males throughout adulthood and decreases with aging in the radial and ulnar areas (as the hands widen) but not in the proximal region. Thus, a relationship between hand dimensions and ridge density was found. The data indicate that aging changes may conceal the recognized sex differences in ridge density, and so a better understanding of the topological variations in the epidermal ridge width throughout the life cycle and the factors involved would facilitate the interpretation of the differences between the sexes and different age groups

Fingerprint ridge density in the Argentinean population and its application to sex inference: A comparative study

Fingerprint ridge density (RD) is known to vary according to sex and population, and such variation can be used for forensic purposes. The aim of this study was to analyze the fingerprint RD of two samples of the Argentinean population in order to assess their topological, digital, bilateral, sexual, and population differences for subsequent application in the inference of sex. Data were collected from the fingerprints of 172 individuals from the Buenos Aires province and 163 from the Chubut province. RD was assessed for three different count areas for all 10 fingers of each individual. In both sexes and both samples, significant differences among areas were obtained, so that radial-RD > ulnar-RD > proximal-RD. Females presented greater RD than males in all areas and on all fingers. Regarding population differences, no significant differences were found between the Buenos Aires and Chubut samples (except for proximal RD in males). However, both samples showed RD significantly different from that of the Jujuy province. The application of Bayes? theorem allowed for the identification of an RD threshold for discrimination of sexes in these Argentinean samples. In conclusion females consistently exhibit narrower epidermal ridges than males, which may evidence a universal pattern of sexual dimorphism in this trait that can be useful in forensics in the identification of individuals.Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarroll

Trends in cannabis use among adolescents in Spain 2006-2018

The aim of this study was to examine trends in cannabis use among Spanish students 2006-2018 by sex, age, and sex and age combined. Data showed a global decrease both in a lifetime and frequent cannabis use between 2006 and 2018 but four-year comparisons revealed more variability within the specific sex-age groups. No change was found in lifetime use between 2014 and 2018 for all groups. The results emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring of trends in cannabis use and the importance of implementing preventive measures to avoid a change in tendency and to work with high-risk groups, especially 17-18-old boys

Inhibition of hyaluronidase activity by high-pressure treated onion

Onions exert their effects on human health via multiple different functions, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Upregulation of hyaluronidase activity occurs in chronic inflammatory conditions. High hydrostatic pressure food processing offers the chance of producing functional foods, in the sense that not only preserve the nutritional, microbiological and sensorial quality of foods, but also can improve the extraction of potentially health-related compounds due to the effects of this technology on plant food structure. Onions are a good source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds and organosulfur compounds, which have been related to beneficial health effects mainly due to their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. In this study we evaluated the ability of onion treated by highpressure to inhibit in vitro hyaluronidase activity, as an in vitro measurement of its antiinflammatory activity.Peer Reviewe

Crisis y brecha de riesgo de pobreza por género

Las consecuencias económicas y sociales de una recesión no son homogéneas para toda la población. En este trabajo estudiamos la evolución de la diferencia (brecha) en el riesgo de pobreza y exclusión del empleo de hombres y mujeres durante los años de profunda crisis económica en España. Nuestro objetivo principal es analizar si la brecha de pobreza y su evolución es distinta para mujeres y hombres de diferentes grupos de edad. Para ello, analizamos la posición de las mujeres en la distribución de la renta y descomponemos los indicadores del riesgo de vivir en hogares pobres, en familias sin ingresos (pobres extremos) y en hogares con todos los activos desempleados por género y grupo de edad a partir de los datos de la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida Europea (EUSILC) y de la Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA).The economic and social consequences of a recession are not homogeneous for all the population. This paper analyzes the evolution of the gender poverty gap and the differences in labour market deprivation by gender during a deep economic recession in Spain. Our main aim is to provide a measure of the extent to which this gap and its trend depends on age. For that purpose, we study the position of females in the income distribution and we decompose three poverty and deprivation indicators by gender and age: the poverty risk, the risk of extreme poverty and the risk of living in a household where all active individuals are unemployed using information from the European Union Survey of Living Conditions (EUSILC) and the Spanish Labour Force Survey (LFS).Comunidad de Madri